After the expulsions during the Middle Ages and Modern Times, Jews were only able to settle in Lower Austria and St. Pölten as late as the middle of the 19th century. In a short time, the necessary ritual spaces were created, such as the (old) cemetery and the (old) synagogue, which are no longer preserved today. They have been replaced by new ones, which clearly shows the social and economic rise of the Jewish community St. Pölten.

The expulsion and murder of the St. Pölten Jews by the National Socialists put an end to community life and thus also to the original function of the buildings. Like many others in Austria, the (new) synagogue should have been demolished. Thanks to the initiative of some committed St. Pölten citizens and officials the building was renovated in 1980-84 and thus preserved. The old cemetery will be made visible in its original function from autumn 2024 on as part of an art and remembrance project. The necessary renovation and conservation work on the new cemetery, where burials still take place, was completed at the beginning of 2024.